COMBIVENT (ipratropium bromide and albuterol sulfate) – an inhaled combination of an anticholinergic (ipratropium) and a beta adrenergic agonist (albuterol) commonly used to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Ipratropium exerts its clinical effect by antagonizing the affects of acetylcholine, thereby preventing or relieving bronchospasm. Albuterol is a beta agonist which exerts its effect by relaxing […]
ProAir HFA (albuterol sulfate) – a metered dose beta agonist inhaler commonly used to treat asthma. The pharmacologic effects of albuterol sulfate are attributable to activation of beta2-adrenergic receptors on airway smooth muscle. Activation of beta2-adrenergic receptors leads to the activation of adenylcyclase and to an increase in the intracellular concentration of cyclic-3′, 5’-adenosine monophosphate […]
NOVOLOG (insulin aspart recombinant) – an insulin analog indicated to improve glycemic control in adults and children with diabetes mellitus. The primary activity of insulin, including insulin aspart, is regulation of glucose metabolism. Insulin and its analogs blood glucose by facilitating the cellular uptake of glucose and simultaneously inhibiting the output of glucose from the […]
LEVEMIR (insulin detemir recombinant) – a long acting human insulin analog indicated to improve glycemic control in adults and children with diabetes mellitus. The primary activity of insulin, including insulin detemir, is regulation of glucose metabolism. Insulins, including insulin detemir, exert their specific action through binding to insulin receptors. Receptor-bound insulin lowers blood glucose by […]